252000 students signed up to pay the PSU

The figure is lower by 10 thousand students on the process 2010. Meanwhile, more than 170 000 were awarded the scholarship Junaeb.

252 000 568 was the total number of students enrolled to pay the University Selection Test , according to the Department of Evaluation, Measurement and Educational Record, Demre.

The figure is lower than in the same regular period in 2010: 10 000 841 registered less. 

Of the total, 190 000 018 people belong to the promotion of the year  and 62 000 550 to past promotions.

The promotion of the year, 170 000 986 will use the grant from the National Board of Student Aid and Scholarships, which enable them to take the test for free: 71 000 258 correspond to municipal schools, 99 000 640 to subsidized private schools and 18 000 332 individuals paid.

Request of students and teachers

During the meeting held by secondary students and professors with the Minister of Education, presented the petition to the government must respond today.

Last week students and teachers met with Education Minister Felipe Bulnes, who delivered a petition together, including concerns of all sectors.

The minister promised to deliver a response to this document during the day today. Known then what are the main points of the request of students and teachers.

Constitutional Change

The state must guarantee a free education, Democratic and Quality organized and funded by the State at all levels. What is required is to appear explicitly in the Constitution that education is a fundamental right and public good.

School education

- Desmunicipalización education . It proposes creating a National System of Public Education under the Ministry of Education, with its own assets and responsible for the administration of public education.

- New funding system to ensure contributions basal to all establishments and not through budget support.

- The creation of a new law teaching career based on merit and experience, which considers stages of professional development.

- Regulation and control of the creation of new subsidized schools . It aims to stop the creation of these facilities until there is legal basis for regulating their existence.

- Free TNE , ensuring school transportation 365 days a year, especially for students regions.

- National Plan for reconstruction of facilities .

- own funding system for vocational education and polytechnic school level to ensure infrastructure in line with scientific and technical advances to make qualified and appropriate to the respective specialties.

- Democratization of school spaces for student participation , reformulating Decree No. 524 with respect to the Student Centers, strengthening the role of these and Secondary Student Federations legally recognized.

Contributions basal

That should benefit the public universities. Also requested an increase in direct fiscal (AFD) permanent and progressive universities in the Council of Rectors of Chilean Universities (Cruch).

New system of access to universities

In addition, it calls for a new national accreditation system for schools. Asked to ensure a more representative of the socioeconomic reality of the country in the enrollment of each institution, reducing the weight of the PSU in the admission process transparent and assess their relevance.

New System of Scholarships and Student Finance

Are asked to promote a comprehensive restructuring of the scholarship system to end the family debt.

Superintendent of Higher Education

Creating the superintendent shall have the power to oversee and enforce the law establishing the prohibition of profit in any institution of higher education.

Educational Rights of Indigenous Peoples

It asks among other things, increase the amount of the grant indigenous and intercultural create a state university.

Technical Training Centers and Institutes Professionals

New policies to improve technical training centers and professional institutes. If you order a state guarantee to ensure the education offered technical training centers and professional institutes in all regions, creating a national network of free technical education and quality.

universities reject government proposal

While the Confederation of Students of Chile, CONFECH, was to formally answer whether approved or rejected the government proposal on Friday, federations and college have clear picture that points to a refusal to be "inadequate and not respond to the demands of petition ".

This is the case of the University of Concepción . Its president, William Petersen, told La Tercera that "we reject the government's proposal because it emanated from an ideological agreement of this political class and does not respond to, for example, how the state will guarantee education as a right and only deepens on indebtedness. "

A similar view is the president of the Student Federation of the U. Católica de Valparaíso , Nataly Espinoza, who said that "we did an analysis of the proposal of the minister and the students considered it a setback because it allows profit. We see no structural change, on the contrary, privatization further education and perpetuating the debt, "demanded the leader.

While for the vice president of Utem , Cesar Urbina, document delivery with 21 points progress towards democratization, "there are bright lights aimed at further privatizing."

"There is dissatisfaction with the Federation about that (points) are few specific regard to our demands. It's more of the same, do not specify the amounts, for example, "he said. 

Discontent across the country. In the north, Arica, president of the Federation of U. Tarapacá , Macarena Godinez, told La Tercera that the document does not "guarantee to get free items or be an equitable system. No Psu rejected. We appreciate the initiative of the preparatory course but it's a band-aid solution, "he said. UTA students formally vote today in the afternoon.

A scenario that is repeated in the U. Playa Ancha that takes more than two months to take. "The first approaches are negative towards the government's proposal does not present anything poque back to what I already mentioned the former minister Lavin," said Anibal Olea.

In addition, during the course of the day the U. de Chile, U. Arturo Prat and Austral Bio Bio also decided to vote against the government proposal. With this scenario, add 11 campuses.

Good books from school to college

How to make a young student who can read a future avid reader as a teenager? How to listen to and what kind of reading the guide?

How to help a child to love reading in the school year where he started to enjoy the deciphering of the texts and to feel the need to know in his close entourage, both at school and family to share this joy with those new he likes ...

Analyze needs
The youth edition has become a must for caring parents to their children's intellectual awakening of new readers. The covers of the books have an essential attraction for the child or preteen and layout has to seduce the one who flips. So much for the novels of contemporary authors as for the classic look updated, over 20% of young readers buy a book on the good looks of the cover, even more than with the advice of a friend, not to mention the parental influence that it plays only for 11% of this purchase ...

What readings for what age?
Two criteria to be first in order to determine if these books are suitable for mature young readers:


reading level required
substantive remark made by the books.
The ideal course of reading, in parallel with school life, aims to read books at this pivotal age and go upmarket to ensure a gradual, based on:

"The 1001 children's books need to be read to grow" at the initiative of Julia Eccleshare , Editions Flammarion, a voluminous document of course, but full of sound references
"An ideal library - That read 5 to 11 years?" Anne-Laure Blanc , at Mare editions, which helps to support an informed choice, living and participatory.
Reading aloud is recommended to give substance to the story and give birth as per click, in the child's appetite for reading, in the opinion of Danielle Sallenave who recently published "Why do you write novels" .

Found in two publications for school listed above, for example, books Roal Dahl, Anne Fine for humor and investigations as well as historical novels, in short, a wide, jubilant.

What appeals to a younger audience?
Read in these terms, tips and caring support, enable a discovery of flexible and spontaneous personal connection that develops between a reader and book.

Read must be a first experience of life, a preparation that involves live, reflect a transposition in the text, common emotions: those of love, rejoice, be afraid ... doubt.

Universal themes always occupy an important place: the fantastic especially chivalrous like Tolkien's work, but also romance, anticipation, science fiction. In the age group of tweens: Serge Brussolo , Pierre Bordage, for France.

Reflections of Practitioners
How to get out of Harry Potter and Twilight by refusing any fatalism, putting aside the two pillars and reading standards, popular among young readers today?

The classics of French literature in the short-Classics Collection Folio, the short novels of Francis Place , the new AméricainTruman Capote, a mix of short texts illustrious literary memory of French or foreign, with those of authors contemporaries, arouse the desire to read.

Jean-Phillipe-Arrou Vignod who has taught and written extensively for Gallimard, do not hesitate to advise students to ignore the first 80 pages of Father Goriot and long descriptions, which can discourage.

His own books, intended for a young audience, funny and profound, are designed to foster the development of an inner world in which every young student matures.

Writer and educator author who also is a teacher, has designed many book reports available on the site, Gallimard Jeunesse, which are valuable job aids, including addressing the children's novels are very popular as very useful , both teachers and parents curious to effectively guide student learning.

"Share the love of words, books and stories" and repeat the child, the adolescent (...) "Be curious! Everything. Fascinated up for the construction of the pyramids, the birth of stars The lives of men in Calcutta, Zanzibar, past history as the present age, as far as the nearest. thy neighbor as overseas ... Read, listen, look. Learn without prejudice, or exclusive laziness. Let nothing from the incredible profusion of human activities, do either indifferent. "

Puzzle of Energy Independence

It is time to queries about our energy future. Oil and nuclear are the daily news, will they fizzle?

Globalization has gradually left its unmistakable imprint all sectors. Nations do more exuberant leeway and are faced with the relentless development of economic logic, fickle peoples' concerns, political instability and the weakening of global natural resources.

It is particularly located in the heart of the strategic sector that is the preeminent energy, mainly for oil and gas sectors, but also for renewable energy like wind and solar and nuclear energy naturally.

In this framework, defining a draft smart energy mix, combining welfare and sustainability, meeting economy and population, is an extremely delicate exercise requiring a quasi-divination.

Energy choices in a democracy
The French state, like most other governments, will have to pay it again, its primary energy mix is too dissonant, both to satisfy public opinion and to respect its international commitments. Only 5% of renewable energy, against 53% of fossil fuels (oil and gas) and 42% nuclear (78% of electricity production) can not in any way appropriate for a prosperous and healthy (source: INSEE ). So many questions to be addressed with accuracy and diplomacy, which has never been the preserve of French officials, who have predisposition to hear only the voice technocratic certainly useful, but terribly fallible. The recent example of the place of the moratorium on photovoltaic shows that public consultation, even if led by inspectors general well-meaning, remain paltry sham and infertile justified by the mere facade of propriety against professionals.

The future of nuclear energy
Of course, obliges news, nuclear power will be at the heart of the first questions. Should he or not to renew the existing fleet is a matter warranting serious discussion that the next presidential campaign might require, and if the answer should be affirmative, it would then determine how and how quickly achieve its development level in surrounding himself with all the appropriate safeguards. Finally, the thorny problem of processing and storage of radioactive waste should be treated with clarity and integrity.

The end of oil era
The oil and gas supplies, with their attendant difficulties growing faster output constraint of the era of fossil fuel use, must be serious-looking analysis to develop the tools of equilibrium between applied research and energy savings. Transport could well become a nightmare for decades, the conversion of parks not even started. Fortunately, the residential has received much more attention and technical regulations of the building are, in principle, the model for the industry.

The solar photovoltaic unwelcome, shark's prowl...
Issues explode into fireworks on renewable energy. The wind, which like nuclear is not unanimous, solar thermal and photovoltaic as geothermal sectors remain extremely marginal, despite the ups and downs of goodwill displayed followed by inexplicable turnovers justified by false arguments.

The questions around the energy mix expansion, diversification concerning both the singular involvement of lobbyists and energy companies in decision-making.

Desire Versus Need

Desire vs. Need: the difference between man and animal

Philosophy: can we consider that the man would wish that when the animal would need?

Can we consider that man is the desire that the animal is in need? In other words, the desire is it's own rights?

Need and desire: two opposing concepts
If the need arises as a necessary outcome of nature, requirement of social life, under a constraint of instinct, desire, it seems to be a desire, an instinct, a feeling. In addition, while the need is innate, fundamental and permanent, the desire is characterized by its ephemeral nature, its superfluity. Born of a cultural conditioning, it is of the order of the acquis.

However, can we oppose need and desire to rigidly and final?

Man as animal is required
In the 1940s, the American psychologist Abraham Maslow made a pyramid of needs, with five main levels: physiological needs come after the security needs, then those belonging and socialization which follow esteem needs and finally those of personal accomplishment.

This pyramid shows a ranking of the most basic needs at least necessary. In fact, it is only when the imperatives of survival met that man will address its social condition and his emotional situation.

The animal feels, of course, also physiological needs, safety and emotional needs.

The man, an animal desire conditioned by society
Desire, which can be tangible, sensory or physical, is widely exploited by advertising that each of us has submitted several thousand times a day. The purpose of advertising is to keep us in a state of permanent anxiety and dissatisfaction, its ideal target is frustrated or neurotic, ill at ease and struggling to find its place in society. The good candidate will try to compensate for the sense of lack and inadequacy he feels by taking refuge in materialism exacerbated, presented as a panacea to their problems.

You may remember this commercial for a laundry aired in fall 2010 and showed a young woman who lost her beloved because his laundry had tarnished the little top that he loved. Fortunately, thanks to its new detergent, such blunder never happen again and the good housewife was finally able to keep her new man to her. The message here clearly anxiety - in addition to being stupid - playing on fear and trauma carrying potential of the target.

In modern society, there is a blurring between the concepts of desire and need
The modern Western man, conditioned by its environment, is no longer able to distinguish desires of its needs. The omnipresent advertising, materialism and consumerism as well as ambient mode extremely volatile, in our mind transforms desire into need. For proof, just consider the common phrase "I need" used to say "I want". It is obvious that when one says "I need an I-Pad, it does not imply that it is a vital necessity.

Where does the desire?
The desires of modern man seems underpinned by instincts. Thus, conformity is justified by the herd instinct, the need to find its place in the pack. Why this fear of being isolated? By simple survival instinct, perhaps ...

Uncertainties
The lack of communication between man and the animal should it lead us to decide conclusively that the animal anthropomorphic and does not desire? Do not we see a dog choose his food and his manifest desire to be cuddled?

Other distinctions most relevant?
However, the animal appears more logical than the man because he is not subject to this incredible hormonal disorder that is the feeling of love and also irrational impulses and anti-constructive passions. In fact, no animal collects logs as some of us hoard piles of beer caps that are struggling to make the bike every day with a wooden leg and foam teeth!

Professional social networks

Dynamic, on the lookout for new, multilingual, etc.. Shape your online reputation by highlighting your skills through professional social networks.

Twitter, Facebook, MSN, etc.. Social networks are now integral parts of your life. In some "tweets" you get to know people around the world get back or simply connect with friends lost touch. But, you know networking? Like traditional social networks, professional social networks allow you to interact and share information on companies, industries and the trades. They are therefore a clever way to create and expand its address book. In addition, this sphere 2.0 Professional allows you to make a difference on the labor market. It increases, in fact, your visibility on the web while increasing your online reputation to help you land a job.

Build your virtual image
The canvas lists thousands of profiles. With you to play the card of the difference. Like a brand, highlight your personality, your qualities, your projects, etc.. The goal: to build a single virtual identity. A series of questions is needed to clearly define your goals and at the same time know you better. The image conveyed must be consistent with your personality and your values. Once done, then set the media on which you want to connect: blogs, business sites, social networks, articles, etc.. Choose your network, you can better target your future contacts.

List of professional sites:
viadeo.com is a general network.
linkedln.com is oriented towards international profiles.
xing.com is turned towards the German labor market.

Your profile, a real card
Your profile is a "window" of yourself. In a nutshell, recruiters identify your career, your ambitions and if you fit the position sought. A more detailed paper resume, he articulates from your past experiences a true professional project. This page also highlights your interests. Several essential points must be on your profile:

the position you now occupy,
your previous work experiences,
your skills,
your extra-professional activities: hobbies, ambitions, projects,
links to your projects, articles, blogs, website,
your actions: volunteering, charity work, etc..
Also, think carefully about the keywords used. Companies must be able to easily find on the web. In seconds, your profile will appear on Google pages corresponding to it. Example: product manager cosmetics, English, International.

Note, view profiles and invite members to see your page are two free transactions. However, apply to get in touch with members who are not part of your circle of friends, knowing the identity of individuals who visited your page, two things are paying.


Boost your online reputation
Dynamics, listening to others and reagent are the main qualities to highlight. Professional sites offer, in fact, the ability to provide advice to users and receive recommendations. Tools in hand, you glean contacts, participate in discussion groups on specific topics (hubs), maintain your relationships with other members, update your profile, etc.. These steps require time and patience without being paid in the end. Therefore, do not give other media job search. Only 2% of recruitments take place on social networks today.

Note, there is no need to register on multiple networks. Focus primarily on a network, which is consistent with your business goals.

Controlling the flow of information
Controlling the flow of information means to manage your contacts and your image.

Manage your contacts
Colleagues, suppliers, customers, etc.. your first "friends" are part of your entourage. Leading to another, their relations also become yours. You weave, and a network of increasingly broad. More than just contacts, they advise you, you share their tips and help you boost your career or find a new job. A real relationship of trust is therefore essential. The danger: let invade. To avoid this, you have the right to refuse contacts, appointments and even a job.

Manage your virtual image
Every word, critical or embarrassing picture posted on your personal page can play against you with recruiters and break at the same time, your e-reputation. They reach it, in fact, easily to your account. Often self-feed a page on major social networks. Moreover, nothing can be erased or hard on the net. The management of human resources collection, thereby, via the Internet a wealth of information about you without moving. So, beware of inconsistencies between the various information posted on the web and the ones you sent to the company. Only solution: lock access to certain pages of your "characters".