Benefits of 3G Technology

Like GPRS, 3G (third generation wireless technology) is a wireless communications service that lets you stay permanently connected to the Internet via mobile phone, handheld computer, the Tablet PC or laptop. 3G technology promises better quality and reliability, faster data transmission and higher bandwidth (which includes the ability to run multimedia applications). With data rates up to 384 Kbps, almost seven times faster than a standard telephone connection.This allows us to have video calls, as these calls are made with a direct Internet connection Telme offers this service for free.

3G (or 3-G) is short for third-generation voice and data transmission via mobile phones. The technically correct definition is UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service. Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service)The services associated with the third generation provides the ability to transfer both voice and data (a telephone call or video call) and non-voice data (such as downloading programs, exchanging email, and instant messaging). Although this technology was aimed at mobile telephony, in recent years mobile operators offer exclusive access to the Internet using USB modem, without having to buy a mobile phone, so any computer can have Internet access. There are some ultraportable devices such as (netbooks), featuring the modem built into the computer, but require a SIM card (which they carry mobile phones) to use, so in this case it is necessary to be discharged with a phone number.


What are the benefits of 3G technology?
It says users of GPRS and 3G are "always connected", since these methods of connection have permanent access to the Internet. Through short text messages, field employees can communicate their progress and request assistance. Executives who are traveling can access corporate e-mail, just as can a salesperson, you can also consult the inventory. You can automate your home or office with GPRS and 3G devices to monitor their investments.

How 3G technology will change our lives
Below is the  synopsis of how the introduction of 3G services by telecom operators will change our lives in response to our reader invite (below).

Having raced to the bottom in their voice tariffs and saddled with low average revenue per user, Indian carriers are seeing hope with the launch of 3G services.While MTNL and BSNL had a lead of almost two years they have failed to make the cut because of their lack of understanding of the desired device and content ecosystem.

Tata DOCOMO, Aircel, Reliance Communications and Airtel have launched their 3G services and it's expected they will heavily rely on smartphones, application stores and multimedia content to evince interest from the consumer.As already proved in western economies consumption of data has been the single biggest factor for change in the fortune of carriers.

As we start to talk about what this means and where this will lead to let's take a look what 3G means and how it will change the way you consume telecommunication services and products in India in the years to come.

3G networks are more efficient than 2G networks because of the wider frequency band that they operate in. This means higher bandwidth content such as music and video can be effortlessly streamed over the network. There are many competing technologies within 3G, however the most preferred across the globe is High Speed Packet Access (HSPA).

Airtel and Aircel have chosen HSPA while Tata DOCOMO and RCOM have selected an even more efficient version HSPA+ (Evolved HSPA) that promises even greater network speeds.HSPA+ is the same technology that T-mobile is rolling out as 4G in the US.HSPA gives a download speed of 14 Mbps (megabits per second) and an upload speed of 5.8 Mbps.HSPA+ gives a download speed of 56 Mbps and an upload speed of 22 Mbps and supports Internet Protocol (IP) architecture. In contrast 2G working on GSM/EDGE technology gives a measly data speed of 56 to 360 Kbps.


So for a country that loves to talk what difference does high speed Internet make?It does and that is where the whole ecosystem, demographics and the content ecosystem dovetail perfectly.A simple but startling comparison is a good place to start: In a population of 1.2 billion there are just around 40 million PCs neatly overshadowed by 600 million mobile phones.

In India where the fixed line network is scarce and inefficient 3G technology marks a huge connectivity leap and should be hailed as an enabling technology in bringing Internet connectivity to all.This means that a phone can be used to watch live TV, used as a virtual phone using a Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) service, do video-conferencing using Skype, use Facebook, Orkut or Twitter, listen to live music from Internet radio or a music service like Spotify, share photos, use as a tether to download books and play games.

This shift is also expected to give a boost to the fortunes of the application developer community in India, not a big one at the moment and more used to working on pre-historic Symbian platform that has been chugging along because of Ovi music.

The mobile app development market is a huge opportunity and if valuations of certain companies like Foursquare and Rovio are anything to go by it has the potential to create a new industry in India.

Few of the companies like Hungama Mobile, OnMobile and IMIMobile are moving out of their VAS legacy to embrace this new reality. Various indicators such as strong mobile advertising numbers from Inmobi, mobile marketing, huge VAS content consumption and several mobile banking and payment ventures are encouraging enough to indicate a latent mobile commerce appetite.

Other than the crucial infrastructure upgrade, carriers have been busy lining up content, smartphones, data plans along with a strong marketing exercise to educate customers. Here is a lowdown on the essential components in this ecosystem.

These are virtual stores through which consumers can download software applications for their mobile phones. Software applications could be anything from gaming, document manager to a train timetable application.

Some of the applications are free and supported through advertising; others carry a monthly subscription fee while few of them carry a one-time download fee.

Typically carriers have their own app stores however the experience from other markets tells that carriers do not provide a great experience.

Tata's is called 3G Life services, Aircel is busy promoting its Pocket Apps, Bharti has come out with App Central and RCom has been working behind the scenes with GetJar to launch its app store.

The biggest winners will be Samsung, Nokia and Apple who have an established App store and provide a quality that cannot be matched by carriers.However, there is a strong market for regional content and none of these providers has anything to vet that appetite.



Smartphones
Phones that support 2100 MHz frequency will work on 3G. Most of the smartpones built in the last two years should support 3G. However there are a few that support only GSM/EDGE frequencies.

So what are smartphones?
If you have in hand a phone with the processing power of a computer it's called a smartphone.HTC Desire, Samsung Galaxy, iPhone 4 are few of the smartphones that boast of 1 GHz processing power along with a smart UI, HD playback and some cool features such as accelerometer, digital compass and GPS.Nokia N8 launched recently lags behind in its processing power and the UI.Naturally these phones also excite developers to develop applications that fully utilise the device capability otherwise risking disengagement with the consumer.This is the reason why device manufacturers and carriers are finicky about quality of mobile applications in order to maintain a higher quality of engagement with their consumers.



Advertising and marketing
Monetisation of content is the key to rewarding all participants in the ecosystem. Similar to Internet advertising, as mobile viewership will increase, brands and advertisers will start promoting themselves on mobile phones.The ad revenue generated goes directly to the app developer with the carrier and ad network retaining a cut. This is a big opportunity as most of the users prefer a free application or content and advertising is a primary medium to incentivise the developer.As shown in the developed markets mobile advertising has grown multi-fold in the last one year moving into sophisticated formats such as proximity advertising and instant promotions.


Data plans
After having done all the effort this is where the carrier expects a lift in its topline. At the moment most of the data plans have been tiered based on data consumption and future plans will evolve around usage patterns.For example, if a user spends most of the time on Facebook than an unlimited Facebook plan can be purchased.Similar plans would be available for Skype or heavy chat users.With a surge in traffic these kinds of plans will help carriers optimise traffic and better utilise existing assets.The possibilities are endless and we have just scratched the surface.

Online Bachelors Degrees

Since reunification there was never such a large increase in college graduates as in 2009. More experts but not necessarily the means.

The bachelor's degrees at German universities gain in importance. About one in five graduate studies completed in 2009 with a BA examination from - ie a total of about 72,000 students. Two years earlier, accounted for only one in twelve final exam at the bachelor tests, in 2008 was about one in eight, as the Federal Statistical Office announced in Wiesbaden.

Overall, there were since reunification have never such a large increase in graduates as last year. 339 000 young people excluded from the examination in 2009 her studies. There are almost ten percent more than in 2008. As the statisticians in Wiesbaden said, this is the highest increase since 1993, were recovered in the first all-German higher education data.

This does not create more skilled workers for the labor market. As a reason for the increase in the number of graduates, the Federal Office who emphasized the Bologna reform with the introduction of Bachelor and Master degree programs based on it. Many students then put to a test, the Bachelor
Master exam and thus appear in the two respective annual statistics as a graduate.

Most university degrees are, however, continued after diploma or master's degree programs for a total around 106,000 in the previous audit year. 2009 put about 36,000 students from teaching qualifications, and more than 25,000 made their promotion and their nearly 21,000 master. Nearly 4700 graduates completed their studies with an art degree.

The bachelor degree programs are very popular, particularly among women: In 2009, there were about 37,000 more bachelor's degree than those who did their degree at a university. There are 30,000 women. Whereas men predominated university degrees. Two out of five examinations in the subject group Bachelor of Law, Economics and Social Sciences have been stored.

About one in five graduate studies (21 percent) completed the examination in 2009 (winter semester 2008/09 and summer 2009) with a BA from - around 72 000 Two years earlier, accounted for only one in twelve final exam at the bachelor tests, in 2008 was about one in eight, as the Federal Statistical Office reported on Thursday in Wiesbaden.

Overall, there has never been since the reunification of such a large increase in graduates as last year. 339 000 young people completed their studies in the examination in 2009 - nearly ten percent more than in 2008. As the statisticians in Wiesbaden said, this is the highest increase since 1993, were recovered in the first all-German higher education data.

This does not create more skilled workers for the labor market. As a reason for the increase in the number of graduates, the Federal Office who emphasized the Bologna reform with the introduction of Bachelor and Master degree programs based on it. Many students put off by a bachelor exam then the final examination and thus appear in the statistics as a graduate of two years on.

Most university degrees are, however, continued after diploma or master's degrees - a total of around 106,000 in the last audit year. 2009 put about 36,000 students from teaching qualifications, and more than 25,000 made their promotion and their nearly 21,000 master. Nearly 4700 graduates completed their studies with an art degree.

The bachelor degree programs are very popular, particularly among women: In 2009, there were about 37,000 more bachelor's degree as a specialist university graduates (30,000). In men, the specialist diplomas predominated (43,000 to 35,000). Two out of five examinations in the subject group Bachelor of Law, Economics and Social Sciences have been stored.

All About Twitter

While MySpace, Facebook and Orkut have already changed the way their users socialize, there is always demand for more. New technologies, simpler applications, ease of use have lead to innovations in the online world. Just when you thought you were accustomed to one social networking site, there's news: Tweeting in your PC.

Social networking sites and blogs are now the fourth most popular online activity and are growing in popularity twice as quickly as traditional online pursuits, such as email and searching. The Nielsen Online research found that 67 per cent of web users visit social networks and blogs, which now account for 10 percent of all time spent on the Internet, reports ctv.ca. The 'in' thing among social networking websites is Twitter.

Twitter - a free social networking and micro-blogging service - enables its users to send and read messages known as tweets. Tweets are text-based posts displayed on the author's profile page and delivered to the author's subscribers who are known all followers.

Jack Dorsey created Twitter in 2006 and its simplicity has made it a rage among Internet users. Twitter asks one question, "What are you doing?" and the answers being under 140 characters can be sent via mobile texting, instant message, or the web.

Twitter is sometimes described as the "SMS of the Internet". Unlike Orkut and Facebook where you have 'friends', Twitter allows you to follow people whom you want to see updates from. The idea behind other social sites is to connect people that already know one another while the idea behind Twitter is to allow you to connect people that you find interesting, but don't necessarily know. Both have their weighed pros and cons.

How do I get started?

On the www.twitter.com page find a link which reads, 'Get Started - Join'. All you have to do is to enter your full name and email address and choose a user name and a password. If you have accounts with Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail or MSN, you can use any of them to find friends who are already using this service. You are also offered a list of famous tweeters you can follow.

You can then start tweeting, by typing in the box on top of the page whatever you want to say. Although you're asked 'What are you doing?' you can post anything you want. Tweets can also be deleted. You can also reply to tweets of people you follow.

How do I follow?

When you create an account, you can search for people by name or user name, import friends from other networks, or invite friends via email. Once you've found your friends, follow them to start getting their updates. Following someone simply means receiving his/her Twitter updates. When you follow someone, every time he/she posts a new message, it will appear in your Twitter home page.

When you sign up for Twitter, you have the option of keeping your account public (the default account setting) or protecting the account to keep your updates private. Protected accounts receive a follow request every time someone wants to follow him/her and only approved followers are able to see the profile page.

While the UK Government has made it official to Tweet for its civil servants, Twitter has a long way to go in India. In the meantime, for all those who like to keep themselves updated and in the loop, Twitter's the way to get you there.

How to teach children

The alphabet fun and easy to love the environment and teach our children respect for the world they are growing. From A to Z of tap water in gourds that become sponges and beautiful princesses carriages ...

A for water friend
Tap water in most of Italy, is healthy as or more than we buy. Just ask your place of residence or the company that controls the water, a detailed analysis of its components to go safe. If you think your water has a take taste, often depends on the pipes through which it passes. If the water in your area is safe, begin to drink it: saving money and plastic. Teach your children to take a shower, and not just the bath, and turn off the taps while brushing their teeth immediately after washing their hands, started using a reduced flow and do not overdo it with hot water for tea and herbal tea a baby just two cups warm!

B as a Bicycle
What a beautiful move in a bike! Teach your children the love for two wheels using it whenever you can. Before traveling with you, then, after simple rules, you can take them on bike paths in town or country. Zero gasoline, zero traffic, free views, wellness and fun, what more do you want?

C as environmentally friendly Dollhouse
How should a house really be green? Teach your children playing with them. You can build you a house made from recycled paper or wood, or come together in wonderful You're a Natural Dollhousethe dolls' house with solar panels, recycled materials, bins for recycling and all the mini-need to find - even as adults - as it should be a home test environment.

Differentiating D as waste
A blue plastic bag, a transparent organic waste, paper bags and cartons. The collection is a bit 'busy - schedules and instructions to follow - but really save the environment. It can turn into a nice game to play with your kids. For example you can name them, in turn, super-responsible for a waste category! will have to make sure all family members respect the right bag and you can tell, like a fairy tale, where they end up all waste. We do feel involved in the operation of recycling and will learn the value of each material.

How Eco snack bag
The ecological picnic basket? To accomplish here the tutorial with explanations. So to wrap cakes and biscuits will do less than paper and plastic that are so bad environment.

F Take a picnic as ecological
What's nicer than a picnic on the lawn? The important thing is behaving in an environmentally friendly way down, like Yogi Bear Ranger! As suggested by the website 100 Environment: use seasonal produce, organic if available, and zero km, buying directly from the farm foods to be consumed in the country, use biodegradable plates and cups, avoiding plastic, use the leftovers to produce the excellent fertilizer for household plants and flowers, choose foods instead of packaged bulk, "eliminating" the products with packaging (packaging) expensive and harmful.

G as ecological games
Fun with nature can be a breeze! Buy a good book on plants, trees or birds in your area and a walk Sunday to dedicate a search with your little explorers. You also guided the friendly recycling truck all over the internet or watch the cartoon that teaches ecology. During the winter days built with some games using the board, or draw using our designs (printed on recycled paper)

H as eco-friendly hotel
Environmentally sustainable tourism means respect for nature and culture that go to visit. Idea in more eco-friendly? Staying in hotels with his family, ecological, such as those suggested on VitaNaturale

I like pollute less
Accustom your children to use a little soap, a little bubble bath in bath salts, scented and colored instead of liquid, solid shampoo and little foam. Never throw the paper on the floor, do not throw objects out the window nor cigarette butts along the street. You must be the first good example for your budding environmentalists!

The machine as
How dirty laundry with the children in the house! Yet even when we try every day by washing their clothes is good to learn simple rules: use class appliances, load up the basket, prewashed to avoid high temperatures, use the washing machine at night when consumption is lower.

M as sea bathing
The sea moves and entertains your children but it is important to teach respect for this delicate ecosystem. A smart way? Follow the Decalogue for the Protection of the Sea, suggested by the website of the Ministry environment. The advice, simple and immediate, may seem trivial, but it is important that the behavior becomes more natural from the bag for waste with respect for animals and plants!

N as ecological Grandparents
Grandparents, unwittingly, are often the best educators in terms of environment. Accustomed to grow with few amenities, will be the first to suggest healthy snacks of bread and oil, games and stories instead of TV, laundry and walking instead of appliances and automobiles. Grandparents can be a real asset green, why not take advantage?

Or aware Garden
Cultivating a garden is one of the most enjoyable and constructive experience for a child. The important thing is to do so in full respect of nature. Planting a tree or grow fresh strawberries will be beautiful and healthy for nature by following the useful suggestions of Greenme.it, which explains, in ten little rules, like planting a beautiful garden without pesticides, recycling water and using only natural fertilizers!

P as ecological Diapers
Did you know that a disposable nappy takes 500 years to be disposed of? ecopannolini The cotton terry cloth, to wash and dry in the sun, the answer to this unnecessary waste. Smell of laundry, cost nothing and require only a little 'patience in cleaning. Ask at your local special kit - in some cities like Genoa initiatives have been launched - or are here all the information you need!

Q When is conceived as an eco-baby
Have you ever thought that the unbridled passion of love can be experienced in the sign of respect for the environment? Do not miss the fun on the Ten Commandments written by the Make Love ecological green warriors of Greenpeace!

R for Recycle
The collection is only one step of the beautiful art of recycling. Have you tried using plastic bottles with imagination - can become beautiful vases for flowers - and to accustom your children to notebooks of recycled paper? On Re-creazione.Libero.it packed with lots of ideas to create with straws, cups, plastic. Realize bookmarks, clothes and even Christmas decorations, all in style eco-friendly!

S as expenditure on tap
Giant distributors of products of good quality - detergent, milk, cereals and even candy for all tastes for breakfast for your children - can be found in almost every town and tell us a new way of shopping, respectful of nature, cheaper and practical. Also rid you of containers and packaging found on the Ecospheres retailers detergents on tap closest to your area, and here for those of milk on tap!

T as T-shirts to be reused
T-shirts that no longer use? Use old T-shirts and sweatshirts escaped the cabinet change, transforming into other animals, as suggested by Eco-Blog! Cut the labels and printouts designed to create beautiful bags or blankets and keep them in a closet. Will be the vintage of the upcoming arrival!

U as organic eggs and other healthy foods
Choose healthy food for your children. No GMOs, no vegetables grown with fertilizers, buy eggs from your farmer confidence. You must not seek to force the bio that is so fashionable, but rather choose healthy foods, eat less meat, less fat and teach your children the value of food that is not a reward or a punishment against the whims but a key for their lives.

V as holiday nature
An idea for the summer of your children? Try one of the many journeys of nature organized by WWF and Legambiente. Together with their peers in an environment rich in ecological ideas (from the parks of Tuscany to the sea adventures in Italian islands) your children will learn to live together, respect and love for the environment!

Z as the Cinderella pumpkin (you can do it better sponges and the TV!)
You know how many things you can do with a pumpkin? A delicious risotto, a big face for Halloween, cakes and pancakes, beauty creams, a natural sponge for the bathroom and even a carriage for a princess. Discover the beauty of simple things that surround us. And never forget the bedtime story. Which is the better the TV, no pollution, no noise and makes serene dreams of your children!

Marble Used in Taj Mahal Agra

Taj Mahal was constructed using different materials but the mausoleum itself and parts of the other structures are largely made of marble. Marble of different kinds and colors were used but white marble was the primary marble of choice. This was what made the Taj Mahal unique. Earlier Mughal structures were primarily constructed using red sandstone but the Taj Mahal, under the direction of its creator Shah Jahan, was made primarily of white marble.

Construction of the Taj Mahal was done by over 20,000 workers recruited all over India.  Sculptors, calligraphers, stonecutters, and other artisans were hired from other nations such as Syria and Persia.  Specialists were hired to work specifically on the designs and decorations of the marble.  Precious and semiprecious stones inlaid into the white marble were imported from China, Arabia, Tibet, Afghanistan, and Sri Lanka.

 The Taj Mahal Marble: The Makrana Marble, the translucent white marble of which the Taj Mahal is made, was brought primarily from Rajasthan, India, particularly in Makrana, a small town in Rajasthan where the marbles were and are still mined.  Rajasthan accounts for the majority of marble production in the country until now.  The Makrana marble is highly calcic and has several main sub-varieties.

These sub-varieties are:

• Kumhari

• Doongri

• Alberta

• Makrana White

The Taj Mahal contains several if not all of these Makrana Marble sub-varieties.

Changing Colors of the Taj Mahal: The white marble actually gives the Taj Mahal some sort of mystique as it absorbs and reflects different colors during different times of the day and night.  At dawn it somewhat looks pink as it infuses itself with colors of the sun rising.  In the later hours of the morning and at noon, it looks white as the sun shines on its white marble.  At sunset, it turns reddish or orange as the light of the sun fades.  At night, especially when the moon is full, the building seems to glow blue. 
Parts and Areas of the Taj Mahal Made of Marble
 • The Mausoleum – The entire structure of the mausoleum is made of white marble almost 76 meters in height.  Its most spectacular feature, the onion-shaped dome, is white marble that’s 35 meters high.  It sits on a 7 meter high cylindrical “drum” also made of white marble.  Four white marble minarets each more than 40 meters tall stand at the corners of the mausoleum plinth.

• The calligraphy on the Great Gate or Pishtaq is made of jasper or black marble inlaid in white marble panels.
The Charbagh or Mughal garden has a raised marble water tank called al Hawd al-Kawthar at the center of the garden with a reflecting pool.

• The Darwaza or main gateway is built primarily of red sandstone and marble.

• The Masjid or Mosque is made from red sandstone but is decorated with colored marble inlays. It also has three onion-shaped, marble-coated domes and the chhatris or domed kiosks on the four corners of the mosque have a marble coated veneer.  Its floor has outlines of 569 prayer rugs in black marble.

• The Jamat Khana or Guest House is virtually a twin of the Masjid or Mosque and also contains similar marble inlays and exterior marble decorations as the Mosque.

Decorations on the Taj Mahal Marble: The exterior as well as the interior of the Taj Mahal are lavishly decorated.  Its exterior marble is decorated with paint, stucco, stone inlays, or carvings.  Calligraphy, abstract forms, as well as vegetative motifs are also made as decorative elements.  The interior contains much more decorations than the exterior.  All the decorative elements found on the exterior can be found on the interior with the addition of precious as well as semiprecious gemstones on its surfaces.

Mitticool Refrigerator that runs without electricity

Former President APJ Abdul Kalam called him a 'true scientist'. Mitticool, a clay refrigerator that works without electricity had turned the world's attention to its creator Mansukhbhai Prajapati, a craftsman based in Gujarat.Presenting the national award to Mansukhbhai in 2009, President Pratibha Patil appreciated his work and asked him for a Mitticool.

Scientists and journalists from across the world have visited his unit to see how he makes eco-friendly products at a low cost.

A school drop-out, he has achieved a feat that many in the world envy today.  The simple and unassuming Mansukhbhai is not keen on money. His ambition is to make more low-cost and eco-friendly products for the masses.

"A good majority of Indians cannot buy a fridge as it is expensive. Besides this, electricity bills and maintenance cost is also high. Mitticool is an eco-friendly product which has no maintenance costs. It also retains the original taste of vegetables, says Mansukhbhai who has sold 1500 units so far.

"I failed in the tenth standard. But I was not disappointed as I knew that I was capable of making something new," says Mansukhbhai who holds a patent for Mitticool.People who considered him as incapable, now look up to him. They say, "you are the pride of our community!"He has been popularising earthen products since 1988. The only drawback for him is the lack of stores to sell them.The products are mostly available in Gujarat and in some stores in Mumbai and Pune only. Besides, the low-cost fridge, he has developed a water filter, non-stick tava and a pressure cooker all made of clay. And he has many more innovative ideas.

The beginning
Pottery has been the Prajapati family's traditional business. Mansukhbhai's family belonged to Morbi in Rajkot district.However, his father gave up the profession as it was not getting them any money. It was all hard work without much gain. He being the only son was sent to school on the hope that he would do well in academics and get a good life.

However, he disappointed them when he failed tenth standard. To make matters worse, he refused to take up construction work which his father had started doing. He was however forced to do all sorts of odd jobs. He even injured an eye working in a brick factory.

"I was fed up. I wanted to start my own factory. But there was no way I could do it without resources. I joined a tile factory. I worked there for sometime. This was a turning point for me," he says.

He found that tiles were manufactured at a fast pace with a machine which was quite expensive.However, Mansukhbhai knew he needed to think differently and make innovative products. He took a loan of Rs 30,000 and started a small factory.At the age of 18, he made a machine, which could make 600 tavas a day instead of 100 tavas they used to make manually. This gave him lot of confidence to explore and innovate.He got the idea to make a machine for about Rs 4,000, which could help him manufacture more tavas than was being done manually. His initiative to restart the pottery business was not taken positively. But he went ahead despite opposition.

"Now all my family members actively take part in the work. They are very happy with what I have achieved so far. I owe a lot to my family. I am happy that my elder son is doing an engineering course in ceramic engineering."

His only regret is that because of poor marketing his products are not reaching out to many people. He, however, makes it a point to parcel products to people who are willing to deposit money in his bank account.

The business
It was a great beginning. "I also made a clay mixing machine. Till then, clay used to be missed with the legs. This machine also reduced the workload and improved the efficiency."By 1995, he realised the need to build a water filter. The market had steel filters which were not very efficient. After months of research and hard work, he built a water filter.Luck favoured him too. "A person who had settled in Nairobi heard about my project and approached me for 500 units. I was excited. I sold it making Rs 100,000 on the first sale. It was a good start. The product I developed was sold in Nairobi even before it sold in India," he says. The water filters priced at Rs 350 to 400 are quite popular.

Later in 2005, he started the non-stick tava  (pan) business. "My wife could not buy a non-stick tava as it was costly. So I thought many people would be facing the same problem.That's when I designed the non-stick tavas, priced between Rs 50-100." It took him an year to research and experiment -- testing the material for the non stick coating etc. The food grade test for the pan was done by Tata Chemicals in Mumbai.Mansukhbhai has sold more than 50,000 tavas. He had to make thousands of tavas before he made the perfect one.

He thanks the Gujarat Grassroots Innovation Network and professors at Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad and the National Innovation Foundation, who extended their help in the form of grant and guidance for getting the patent, making the packing box and lab testing of products.

"When a foreign delegation came to meet me, we cooked food in clay vessels and served them in clay plates. They were very impressed and happy with our healthy approach."

In 2009, he made the clay pressure cooker. "It comes with a whistle too," he remarks. About 500 cookers have been sold so far.

The idea behind Mitticool
During the 2001 earthquake, all earthen pots were broken. Some people told me the poor people's refrigerators are broken. They referred to the 'matkas'(pots) as refrigerators.It struck me then that I must try to make a fridge for those who cannot afford to buy a fridge. The patent winning Mitticool has been the most challenging product for him. It needed a lot of experimenting. He started work on it in 2001, the product was finally ready by 2004.

It took him almost four years of hard labour and an investment of about Rs 10 lakh (Rs 1 million). An engineer who saw the fridge asked him to make 100 units. This was a great morale booster.He had to take a loan of about Rs 10 lakh (Rs 1 million) for the Mitticool project. He is still repaying the debt.

It takes 10 people to make a fridge in one day. Made from clay, the refrigerator can store water, fruits, vegetables for 8 days and milk for one day.The upper part of the refrigerator stores water, while the bottom unit has space for fruits, vegetables and milk.At present, he sells the clay fridges at Rs 2,500, at his unit. Most of the sales outside Gujarat are done during exhibitions.

In Mumbai and Pune, some of his products are available. Every year he takes part at the international trade fair in New Delhi in a bid to popularise the products."I have also been getting lot of calls from the US. It is amazing to see so much interest from abroad," he says happily.

Mitticool was showcased at a conference organised by the Centre for India and Global Business, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge, UK in May 2009. Bosch and Siemens Hausger te (BSH), Germany, has also showed interest in Mitticool.

About 20 units of Mitticool have been exported to the UK, Africa and Nairobi. He has now been invited to Africa to set up a unit there. "I have not committed anything but the most important thing is the soil. Gujarat has the best soil for pottery," he points out.

The recognition
Mansukhbhai had never imagined that his products would win him so many accolades.Nothing can be as rewarding as such compliments. Money is nothing compared to people's appreciation. "Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi knows me by my name. He has been very supportive and told me to approach him for any problem," he says.He says well-known activist and performer Mallika Sarabhai recently remarked that he should be made Gujarat's brand ambassador.

He also enjoyed doing a shooting for a programme which will be aired on Discovery Channel."A team from the Discovery Channel took me around India. I enjoyed the trip. It was a wonderful experience. I had never imagined that I would ever be able to fly in a plane," Mansukhbhai says.The media has been very supportive. It feels great to see my products on television channels, newspapers etc.He also enjoyed doing a shooting for a programme which will be aired on Discovery Channel.

"A team from the Discovery Channel took me around India. I enjoyed the trip. It was a wonderful experience. I had never imagined that I would ever be able to fly in a plane," Mansukhbhai says.

The media has been very supportive. It feels great to see my products on television channels, newspapers etc.


His goal
Mansukhbhai wants every Indian to have access to his products. There is very little awareness about the products though I try to participate in 2-3 exhibitions every year."I wish I could strike a deal with a retail store like Big Bazaar to get better visibility. I am sure if more people use our products, it will create more awareness about such low-cost products that are a healthy and cost effective alternative in the long run."

Advice to entrepreneurs
His advice to budding entrepreneurs is: Never think about failures. Never give up.Put your heart and soul into what you want to do. Always follow the right path and have patience. Keep working hard.

What Ratan Tata did for the Mumbai victims

What Ratan Tata did for the Mumbai victims.... a every Indian should know
A. The Tata Gesture
One of the examplary work done by Mr Ratan Tata during the aftermath of the heinous terrorist attack in Mumbai and the Taj Mahal Hotel which is owned by the tatas is as under:-

Ratan Tata is the chairman of Indian Hotels who own the Taj Mahal Hotel Mumbai, which was the target of the terrorists last year .

Hotel President a 5 star property also belongs to Indian Hotels.

The following is really touching.

What Ratan Tata did for the Mumbai victims.... Don't miss!!!!!!
SALUTE TO SHRI RATAN TATA
A. The Tata Gesture

1. All category of employees including those who had completed even 1 day as casuals were treated on duty during the time the hotel was closed.

2. Relief and assistance to all those who were injured and killed

3. The relief and assistance was extended to all those who died at the railway station, surroundings including the “Pav- Bha ji” vendor and the pan shop owners.

4. During the time the hotel was closed, the salaries were sent by money order.

5. A psychiatric cell was established in collaboration with Tata Institute of Social Sciences to counsel those who needed such help.

6. The thoughts and anxieties going on people’s mind was constantly tracked and where needed psychological help provided.

7. Employee outreach centers were opened where all help, food, water, sanitation, first aid and counseling was provided. 1600 employees were covered by this facility.

8. Every employee was assigned to one mentor and it was that person’s responsibility to act as a “single window” clearance for any help that the person required.

9. Ratan Tata personally visited the families of all the 80 employees who in some manner – either through injury or getting killed – were affected.

10. The dependents of the employees were flown from outside Mumbai to Mumbai and taken care off in terms of ensuring mental assurance and peace. They were all accommodated in Hotel President for 3 weeks.

11. Ratan Tata himself asked the families and dependents – as to what they wanted him to do.

12. In a record time of 20 days, a new trust was created by the Tatas for the purpose of relief of employees.

13. Whats unique is that even the other people, the railway employees, the police staff, the pedestrians who had nothing to do with Tatas were covered by compensation. Each one of them was provided subsistence allowance of Rs. 10K per month for all these people for 6 months.

14. A 4 year old granddaughter of a vendor got 4 bullets in her and only one was removed in the Government hospital. She was taken to Bombay hospital and several lacs were spent by the Tatas on her to fully recover her.

15. New hand carts were provided to several vendors who lost their carts.

16. Tata will take responsibility of life education of 46 children of the victims of the terror.

17. This was the most trying period in the life of the organisation. Senior managers including Ratan Tata were visiting funeral to funeral over the 3 days that were most horrible.

18. The settlement for every deceased member ranged from Rs. 36 to 85 lacs [One lakh rupees translates to approx 2200 US $ ] in addition to the following benefits:

a. Full last salary for life for the family and dependents;

b. Complete responsibility of education of children and dependents – anywhere in the world.

c. Full Medical facility for the whole family and dependents for rest of their life.

d. All loans and advances were waived off – irrespective of the amount.

e. Counselor for life for each person

B. Epilogue

1. How was such passion created among the employees? How and why did they behave the way they did?

2. The organisation is clear that it is not something that someone can take credit for. It is not some training and development that created such behaviour. If someone suggests that – everyone laughs

3. It has to do with the DNA of the organisation, with the way Tata culture exists and above all with the situation that prevailed that time. The organisation has always been telling that customers and guests are #1 priority

4. The hotel business was started by Jamshedji Tata when he was insulted in one of the British hotels and not allowed to stay there.

5. He created several institutions which later became icons of progress, culture and modernity. IISc is one such institute. He was told by the rulers that time that he can acquire land for IISc to the extent he could fence the same. He could afford fencing only 400 acres.

6. When the HR function hesitatingly made a very rich proposal to Ratan – he said – do you think we are doing enough?

7. The whole approach was that the organisation would spend several hundred crore in re-building the property – why not spend equally on the employees who gave their life?


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