Janam Ustav of Khalsa Panth

India is the largest democracy and one of the powerful emerging nations of the world in this century. This country is also known as abode of spirituality. According to world renowned philosopher and ex-president of Indian Republic Dr. Radha Krishanan, 'India is museum of faiths." 

 The genesis and growth of Sikh political culture is one of the most stirring and striking chapters of evolution of mankind. Sikhism is one of the most unique modern religions. Ten Gurus nurtured it. Its teachings are enshrined in the eternal Guru 'Guru Granth Sahib' abbreviated as GSS. Sikhism praches fatherhood of God and Brotherhood of man. The teachings of Gurus led to the realization of democracy.

 The transformation of Sikhs into Singhs was due to many factors. The Sikh faith was facing on slaught of an alien and tyrannical rule.

 Guru Gobind Singh the 10th Guru was a great psychologist and felt the pulse of his time. He wanted to instill courage in the people to fight against political despotism and atrocities. The saint soldier Guru wanted that by bapatising Amrit, he would make one Sikh fight against "Sawa Lakh". His creation of Khalsa was to possess the moral ideals and prepared to defend the basic social religious, political and human rights even at the cost of their lives.

 For the Baisakhi in 30 March, 1699, the Guru Govind Rai issued a General invitation to the Sikhs throughout the country with unshorn hair. Thirty three thousand Sikhs came to participate in the Baisakhi in response to their loving Guru clarion call. On the fine morning of the mainday, after chanting hymns concluded, the Guru appeared on the dias with an unsheathed sword shining in his hand and asked the audience, "My lovely one! My Sword is thirsty. It needs the blood of a sikh to quench its thirst. Is there anyone in the audience who is willing to offer his head?' The audience kept mum. Is there anyone who is willing to present his head to satisfy my sword? The Guru repeated. The audience became more uneasy. I understand that there is none in this audience who is willing to sacrifice his life for his living Guru". This was a third call. A humble sikh called Daya Ram, a Khatri from Lahore in the north of thirty years age, got up and offered his head smilingly. Guru held him and took him in the nearby tent pitched adjustment to the dias. A moment later, Guru came with his sword dripping with blood." I want another head?" shouted the Guru. There was panic in the audience. They doubted that the Guru was insane. Before reparation of Guru's call another sikh got up. A Jat from Delhi and placed him at the disposal of his master. He pulled him into the tent·in strange frenzy, subsequently third, fourth and fifth. Third was Mohkam Chand a sikh from far off Dwarika in Gujrat in the west land fourth Himmat Chand of Jagannathpuri in Orissa in the east and fifth was Sahib Chand of Bider (Karnataka in the south). The gathering was in dilemma. After sometime, the remaining audience saw that the five faithful Sikhs emerged one after another bold, radiant and beaming like stars came from Heaven! They were followed by the Guru glowing with a new confidence. The audience turned into joy. They said, "The Guru is great!" "Long live the Guru!" glory to the Guru, shouting such slogan. Guru Gobind Singh said, "Those who know how to die, only they win!'

 All the five Sikhs had unique dress with a new spirit of life. The Guru then brought steel vessel and poured water. Five Sikhs asked to recite the sacred scriptures turn by turn and Guru stirred the water with a double-edged dagger called Khanda. Mata Sahib Devan came with sugar candy and poured into the water of vessel (Khanda-batta). It was marrying valour with compassion. This turned the Sikhs into heroes and sugar-candy fostered them the milk of human kindness. When recitation was over, Amrit (nectar) was ready and all the five faithful clad into blue robes of angels Guru blessed them with nectar. The five pyaras (beloved) were bapatised. Then Guru Govind Rai stood before them with his hands folded and prayed for the bapatize him. 

 Thus Guru turned himself into disciple. The moment he had submitted and sipped nectar he changed from Gobind Rai to Gobind Singh. At least about thirty thousand disciples were baptized and turned Sikh into Singhs . SINGH means LION and KAUR means LIONESS. The five piaras (five beloved) as holistic, they came from five different regions and caste of the Indian sub-continent. The Guru dismantled caste hierarchy and integrated under new way of life. A new order of the Khalsa was found. This was the need of the hour. The order of saint-soldier found who could fight the forces of evil, exploitation of the poor and down-trodden and communal hatred in Indian society. A unique preamble was given to the Sikhs. All Sikhs are equal. There is no high or low caste. Khalsa believed in one be God and brotherhood of man. The Khalsa must help the needy and protect the poor irrespective of caste, creed colour or gender. Follower of prescribed way of live. The Guru is the Khalsa and the Khalsa is the Guru. Thus a dynamics of Khalsa panth was created. It was part of this vision of the futuristic society based on justice. The Khalsa was to function as society with its political and religious organizations enjoying absolute sovereignty as collective subordinate only to God. 

 Guru Govind Singh gave Sikhism a democratize orientation of the most modern form. The tenth master preached the principle of equality of men and women, and equality of caste. Gurumata was the concept of popular sovereignty and advocated the service of humanity. With a calm resolve he had brought about as miraculous transformation of the spirit of people infusing in them a self belief and spirit with which could fight oppression and tyranny. He inspired the Khalsa path a faith in them selves. He roused a feeling of nationism in the people. The main motto of the Khalsa Panth is trust in God and do the right.

 On this 1st day of Vaisakh Guru Gobind Singh a true nation builder gave the massage of liberty, equality and fraternity to mankind. His political philosophy has to be understood in our times. And let I never be forgotten that the achievement of the people who formed less than two percent of the population of the country have made eight six percent of sacrifices for the sake of independence a people who numbered less than two in on hundred molded the destinies of our vast sub continent.

Storm of cold and snow in Spain

Temporary cooling in Spain leaves 40 thousand students without lessons in Catalonia

Nearly 40,000 students from some 120 schools were canceled Friday classes in Catalonia due to the storm of cold and snow that has shaken this region of northeastern Spain, said the Interior counseling Catalan autonomous government. Most schools that suspended its activity is found in Girona, where a total of 61 closed, the report said. Some schools closed because of damage to the heating and not by the wave of snow and cold, said at a press conference the Minister of Interior Catalan , Felip Puig. Puig noted that some schools closed by decision of the mayor, although the regional authorities had decided yesterday that schools would open in Barcelona, where classes were suspended yesterday. The Catalan government also decided to halt the intercity bus transportation to avoid accidents due to ice sheets. The day before, a bus with 18 students had suffered an accident that caused no injuries. According to the Catalan Traffic Service, snow and cold caused disturbances in the Catalan road network, where several roads had to be closed. Also, about 800 people in coastal areas suffered power cuts that were solved, said the power company Endesa. Since the beginning of the cold weather, the Red Cross has received about 4,000 people in Catalonia and mobilized more than 200 technicians and volunteers to assist people more vulnerable.

Large companies in Spain to recruit Erasmus

Seventeen major companies join the program 'Recruiting Erasmus'.

Today 92% of those registered are Spanish, mainly with engineering.

Connecting companies, teachers and young people to work in the international arena.

Seventeen major companies operating in Spain have joined a program called Erasmus Recruiting , aimed at recruiting students with international profile of Spanish universities, which was created four years ago by the human resources consulting PeopleMatters.

The program brings together businesses, teachers and students the world able to work internationally. It is the only private program that has the support of 60 Spanish universities.

The program focuses on students who have lived an international experience , and currently has a database consisting of 20,000 students who have the "right profile" by participating companies.

In turn, the program distinguishes between four groups of participants : students who are beginning their experience outside, others who have returned after a year abroad (whether licensed or not), those who already have entered the labor market, and Finally, foreigners who come to Spain to study.

Most Spanish

Currently 92% of participants in Erasmus Recruiting is Spanish and the other 8% of the rest of Europe and Latin America mainly. Some multinational companies in the program have a "high interest" in these young people who can form in Spain and then work on other delegations of the company in the world.

For such studies include engineering (32%), Business Administration (26%), Information Sciences (8%), social sciences (7%), Humanities (6%), Law (6%) and Experimental Sciences (6%).

The companies participating in the program are: Abbott, Banesto, BBVA, CLH, Gas Natural Group, Heineken, Iberia, Ikea, Inditex, Janssen, Kellogg, Merck, Prosegur, Siemens, Tecnalia, USP Hospitals and Vodafone.

Creating a Fire type text in Photoshop

How to create a text type Fire in Photoshop

Hi everyone in this first tutorial will teach you how to create a fire text in photoshop style, this program is very difficult but not impossible to use just enough enthusiasm to have a good to learn to create anything they can think in this program is very fun to be creating images , text or other creations we desire.

The first thing to do is go into photoshop Go to  File-New  and I see a window where we must enter the name of the file for example: fire type, below where it says 1200 pixels wide and we will give you 1024 pixels height. In Here you enter the width and height of my monitor if you need to enter your monitor. Then where it says we leave resolution of 72 pixels / inch is the most recommended because it will have a higher resolution when saving the document. In RGB mode to leave it as it is better visualize the image .

Well it's time to start with the fun, after having entered the data style start by the fire.

1: We leave the colored black as black as the front will highlight more clearly the working document.

2: Then we go to the text tool to enter text such as: TEXT TYPE FIRE, by clicking the Text tool will appear right next to a layer where the text will be named after you change the font, size and center the text. Then we click the text layer right and we will rasterize text. In case you did not have that option we're going to  Menu-Rasterize layer context.

3: Then we are at the text layer and drag the layer to the icons below to duplicate the layer.

Then copy and hide the layer we put ourselves back into the original and press Ctrl + E to merge the text layer with the background.

4: After we go to  Image-Rotate Canvas-90-ac . And the text will change to vertical

We will begin to give effect to the text we're going to  Filter-Stylize-Wind , we see a window where the wind will tell you either to the left and give ok. And we see that start to change the text but the wind effect applied four times then we will go back to filter but in tests we have selected case we will see wind, the first in the list and apply it four times and remain as in the image .

4: After having applied the wind we'll go back to  Filter-Blur-Gaussian  and we see a window in this case we will give you 2 pixels. Then we will not go to  Image-Rotate Canvas-90-ACD  and see that we again put the text as it was.

We go to  Filter-Blend , and opens a window where you choose Turbulence. In brush size we can enter a larger size from 50 to 60% to simulate the flames and to simulate melting points in flames we can enter a 36 or less to create a good effect.

Just as in the image.

5: Now you will let us colored  Imagen-Ajustes-Tono/saturación  box and select the color that is in the lower right. Then entered in tone and saturation to 40 100 and we will see that and we are creating the color you want and give OK.

6: Then we are at where we are working layer which is joined to the bottom and drag the icon down like we did with the text layer and duplicate the layer.

Then we are located in the copy layer and go to  Imagen-Ajustes-Tono/saturación  but now he only admitted to select colors and give tone -20 OK.

Then we go to the fusion of the layers and we superimpose

7: Then We will make visible the text copy layer by clicking on the eye and give you right click  options  fusion  and opens a window and add a gradient overlay option we choose the gradient and see that we change the text, we give Gradient and click opens a window where we have many colors we are at the color palette foreground and we put a black and brown the other side a clear and we ok.Y where it says scale it run till the end to have a good contrast. As shown in the picture.

8: Now we go to   Layers-Flatten Image  and you will see that we unite all the layers.

After the image again drag the icon below and duplicate the layer.

Now create a reflection for our text more realistic fire.

We are located in the layer copy, but hide the original layer by clicking the eye, now if we put ourselves in the copy and go to the magic wand and select all the text and click on the keyboard  the key  Del  and see what we removes all color and only selected text.

We go to the  Select menu, deselect  and We will make visible the original layer.

Now we go to Edit -Transform-free and we create a box around the text in the box we put ourselves in the middle and drag it down and we validate. We will see that we have already been created our reflection.

9: Finally we will remove a bit of reflection to get more realism to the text, now we are at a 300 brush and eliminate the reflection, lowered the opacity to 31 and we have our text ready and fire type.

10: Now we can only save the image for this we go to  File-Save As  window appears and we give it a name and give you the option Format  JPEG  and we save.

It opens another window, but we like this and give OK. And we have our image ready 

Quality education for Medellin

Network is strengthened for quality education for Medellin 

Currently 35 educational institutions belonging to the Network of Educational Quality Management, coordinated and sponsored by the Ministry of Education of Medellin and Proantioquia. To join simply say "I love you!"

With this sentence, Myriam Montes Tamayo, Montessori school principal, who has been a leader of the Network, invites those public and private schools to be part of an interdisciplinary team of teachers, principals, teachers and principals, who for three 3 years work to generate proposals and strategies to strengthen the educational system of the city.

What is the purpose?

The policy explains it as a network in which "seeks to collect a series of experiences, products and analysis on key issues teachers do that help drive the process and quality of Medellin."

Who's up?

All official academic or private sector who wish to participate in City construction project.

How long does it take?

Three years of work.

What is the methodology of participation?

Once a school decides to become a member or Proantioquia should be addressed to the Secretary of Education and complete a registration form. Then, you define what you want to integrate node.

The network is divided into 3 nodes:

Systematization and Research Node, inside has 3 working groups. One is working routes education of students, one investigates the students' perception on teachers, and the third, he worked a research article that was done last year.

Training Node: seeks to identify the characteristics of good teachers and ask how they should be training policies for teachers in Medellin.

Node Disclosure: who is responsible for collecting the products of the other nodes and design strategies to socialize with the educational community.

The act of socialization experiences of the nodes of this year, held in the auditorium of Proantioquia attended Ana Lucia Hincapie, Deputy Secretary of Quality Education.

The official applauded clustering model has integrated education because the experiences of both official and private sector.

He stressed the methodological process of the nodes and the network capacity to manage knowledge and systematize it. He also suggested that the products and research are brought to the classroom by teachers to generate reflections from there.

He stressed that both the Ministry of Education as Proantioquia have been facilitators of this process of knowledge management, thus: "The applause is for you, master," concluded the Secretary.

Scientist creates a free website for learning languages

The Guatemalan Luis von Ahn, a professor in the School of Computer Science Carmegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh (USA) today launched a beta version of a free site for learning languages.

The new draft Von Ahn, who at 33 has been considered one of the 50 most influential people in the world of technology, is the web http://duolingo.com

The system assesses students by level and provides simple sentences to translate.

If the user does not know a word, the program reveals its meaning and hints for the student to remember the next time.

At the same time can see how they have translated the same sentence as other students from anywhere in the world and start learning the language dynamically. Once past a certain level, more complex sentences are introduced.

So far have begun with the Spanish and German, but later came the French, Italian and Chinese.

Von Ahn, a graduate in Computer Science in 2003 by Duke University (North Carolina) and PhD from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) in 2005, was included in this year's top 10 New Faces of Ibero-American thought Foreign Policy magazine.

Its success lies in trying to develop programs using the human capacity to solve problems that computers are not yet able to solve.

It is especially known for Captcha and ReCaptcha program, a computer security application that uses distorted letters and numbers that the user has to type correctly in a section blank.

This application incorporates many websites to block automatically generated spam and network attacks, and that only humans are able to fill that space.

252000 students signed up to pay the PSU

The figure is lower by 10 thousand students on the process 2010. Meanwhile, more than 170 000 were awarded the scholarship Junaeb.

252 000 568 was the total number of students enrolled to pay the University Selection Test , according to the Department of Evaluation, Measurement and Educational Record, Demre.

The figure is lower than in the same regular period in 2010: 10 000 841 registered less. 

Of the total, 190 000 018 people belong to the promotion of the year  and 62 000 550 to past promotions.

The promotion of the year, 170 000 986 will use the grant from the National Board of Student Aid and Scholarships, which enable them to take the test for free: 71 000 258 correspond to municipal schools, 99 000 640 to subsidized private schools and 18 000 332 individuals paid.